A Study on Knowledge Polycentricity Using Social Network Analysis 
- Focusing on Co-authored Academic Journal Articles -

doi:10.26863/JKARG.2025.5.31.2.243

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2025 Vol.31, Issue 2 Preview Page Next Page

A Study on Knowledge Polycentricity Using Social Network Analysis - Focusing on Co-authored Academic Journal Articles - 사회 연결망 분석을 이용한 도시 간 지식 교류 네트워크의 다중심성 연구 - 학술지 공동 연구를 대상으로 -: 윤효림¹ · 하은혜² · 이건학³
Yun, Hyo Rim¹ · Ha, Eun Hye² · Lee, Gun Hak³; ¹제1저자, 서울대학교 지리학과 석사과정
²공동저자, 서울대학교 지리학과 박사과정
³교신저자, 서울대학교 지리학과 교수 및 국토문제연구소 겸무연구원

¹First Author, Master’s Student, Department of Geography, Seoul National University
²Co-Author, PhD Student, Department of Geography, Seoul National University
³Corresponding Author, Professor, Department of Geography and Institute for Korean Regional Studies, College of Social Sciences, Seoul National University

31 May 2025. pp. 243-265

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Abstract

The information era and advances in communication technologies have enabled knowledge-based interactions between cities to reshape urban systems. However, little is known about how knowledge collaboration contributes to this urban restructuring. This study employs social network analysis to examine inter-city knowledge networks and knowledge polycentricity in South Korea, using co-authored paper data from the Web of Science database. The findings reveal that cities serving as knowledge incubators are concentrated in Seoul and Daejeon’s Yuseong-gu district, while cities with hinge functions are distributed among provincial centers. The distribution of these incubator and hinge cities varies across different academic fields. Through empirical analysis of inter-city knowledge polycentricity relationships, this study enhances our understanding of the knowledge networks in South Korea. It offers policy recommendations that take into account the regional characteristics of knowledge flow.

Keywords

city networks

megalopolis

hinge

knowledge incubator

knowledge network

knowledge

지식의 교류는 물리적 연계망을 중심으로 구성되었던 도시 시스템을 무형의 지식 기반 네트워크를 중심으로 재편하고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 도시학 연구에서 상대적으로 간과되었던 가교 및 인큐베이터 개념을 활용하여 도시 간 관계를 실증적으로 분석하였다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 국내 기관에서 2021-2023년 동안 출판된 공저 논문 데이터를 기반으로 사회 연결망 분석을 수행하여 지식 교류 네트워크의 구조적 특성을 파악하고 다중심성을 체계적으로 평가하였다. 분석 결과, 지식의 인큐베이팅 역할을 하는 공간은 서울특별시와 대전광역시 유성구에 집중되어 분포하는 반면, 지식 교류의 네트워크에서 매개적 역할을 하는 가교적 공간은 전국에 걸쳐 여러 지역에 분산하여 분포한다는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 연구 결과는 국내 도시 간 지식 교류 네트워크의 다중심성과 관계적 특성에 대하여 실증적으로 이해할 수 있는 토대를 마련한다. 또한 지식 기반 사회에서 도시 간 불균형 발전을 해소하고 지식 생산 및 확산을 촉진할 수 있는 정책 수립에 유용한 시사점을 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

키워드

도시 네트워크

메갈로폴리스

가교 도시

지식의 인큐베이터

지식 네트워크

지식 다중심성

References

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신수연·정상훈, 2023, 지역별 지식재산 출원의 지리적 패턴 분석, 지역연구, 39(2), 31-46.
이희연, 2010, 지식창출활동의 공간적 집적과 지역간 격차요인 분석, 지식재산연구, 5(1), 113-149. 10.34122/jip.2010.03.5.1.113
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최병두, 2015, 네트워크도시 이론과 영남권 지역의 발전 전망, 한국지역지리학회지, 21(1), 1-20.
최병두·송민정, 2015, 영남권 도시 간 화물 연계성과 다중심성, 한국지역지리학회지, 21(1), 39-61.
허선영·장후은·이종호, 2022, 초광역 협력을 위한 동남권 지역의 지식네트워크 특성 분석, 한국지역지리학회지, 28(1), 1-10. 10.26863/JKARG.2022.2.28.1.1
Acs, Z.J., Anselin, L., and Varga, A., 2002, Patents and innovation counts as measures of regional production of new knowledge, Research Policy, 31(7), 1069-1085. 10.1016/S0048-7333(01)00184-6
Bathelt, H., Malmberg, A., and Maskell, P., 2004, Clusters and knowledge: local buzz, global pipelines and the process of knowledge creation, Progress in Human Geography, 28(1), 31-56. 10.1191/0309132504ph469oa
Borgatti, S.P., Mehra, A., Brass, D.J., and Labianca, G., 2009, Network analysis in the social sciences. science, 323(5916), 892-895. 10.1126/science.1165821 19213908
Burger, M. and Meijers, E., 2012, Form follows function? Linking morphological and functional polycentricity, Urban Studies, 49(5), 1127-1149. 10.1177/0042098011407095
Burger, M.J., Van Der Knaap, B., and Wall, R.S., 2014, Polycentricity and the multiplexity of urban networks, European Planning Studies, 22(4), 816-840. 10.1080/09654313.2013.771619
Coe and Bunnell, 2003, ‘Spatializing’ knowledge communities: Towards a conceptualiztion of transnational innovation networks, Global Networks, 3(4), 437-456. 10.1111/1471-0374.00071
Etzkowitz, H. and Leydesdorff, L., 2000, The dynamics of innovation: From National Systems and “Mode 2” to a Triple Helix of university–industry–government relations, Research Policy, 29(2), 109-123. 10.1016/S0048-7333(99)00055-4
McLuhan, F. and Fiore, Q., 1967, The Medium is the Message, Random House, Newyork.
Godin, B. and Gingras, Y., 2000, The place of universities in the system of knowledge production, Research Policy, 29(2), 273-278. 10.1016/S0048-7333(99)00065-7
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____________, 1964, Megalopolis: The urbanized northeastern seaboard of the United States, MIT Press, Cambridge.
____________, 1976, Megalopolitan systems around the world, Ekistics, 243, 109-113.
Green, N., 2007, Functional polycentricity: A formal definition in terms of social network analysis, Urban Studies, 44(11), 2077-2103. 10.1080/00420980701518941
Hagberg, A.A., Schult, D.A., and Swart, P.J., 2008, Exploring network structure, dynamics, and function using NetworkX, in Proc. 7th Python in Science Conference, 11-15. 10.25080/TCWV9851
Hall, P.G., and Pain, K., 2006, The polycentric metropolis: Learning from mega-city regions in Europe, Routledge.
Hoekman, J., Frenken, K., and Van Oort, F., 2009, The geography of collaborative knowledge production in Europe, The Annals of Regional Science, 43, 721-738. 10.1007/s00168-008-0252-9
Kloosterman, R.C. and Musterd, S., 2001, The polycentric urban region: towards a research agenda, Urban Studies, 38(4), 623-633. 10.1080/00420980120035259
Komninos, N., 2013, Intelligent Cities: Innovation, Knowledge Systems and Digital Spaces, Routledge, London.
Kwon, K., 2021, Polycentricity and the role of government-led development: Employment decentralization and concentration in the Seoul metropolitan area, 2000–2015, Cities, 111, 103107. 10.1016/j.cities.2021.103107
Li, Y. and Phelps, N.A., 2017, Knowledge polycentricity and the evolving Yangtze River Delta megalopolis, Regional Studies, 51(7), 1035-1047. 10.1080/00343404.2016.1240868
___________________, 2018, Megalopolis unbound: Knowledge collaboration and functional polycentricity within and beyond the Yangtze River Delta Region in China, 2014. Urban Studies, 55(2), 443-460. 10.1177/0042098016656971
Ma, H. and Xu, X., 2022, Knowledge polycentricity of China’s urban agglomerations, Journal of Urban Planning and Development, 148(2), 04022014. 10.1061/(ASCE)UP.1943-5444.0000828
Meijers, E., 2005, Polycentric urban regions and the quest for synergy: Is a network of cities more than the sum of the parts?, Urban Studies, 42(4), 765-781. 10.1080/00420980500060384
Partha, D. and David, P.A., 1994, Toward a new economics of science, Research Policy, 23(5), 487-521. 10.1016/0048-7333(94)01002-1
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Wanzenboeck, I., Scherngell, T., and Brenner, T., 2014, Embeddedness of regions in European knowledge networks: a comparative analysis of inter-regional R&D collaborations, co-patents and co-publications, The Annals of Regional Science, 53, 337-368. 10.1007/s00168-013-0588-7
Yigitcanlar, T., Velibeyoglu, K., and Martinez‐Fernandez, C., 2008, Rising knowledge cities: the role of urban knowledge precincts, Journal of Knowledge Management, 12(5), 8-20. 10.1108/13673270810902902
Zhang, C., Feng, X., Li, Y., and Wang, Y., 2024, Scientific Collaboration Network Structure and Connectedness Among the “Belt and Road” Countries, Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 1-26.

Information

Publisher :The Korean Association of Regional Geographers
Publisher(Ko) :한국지역지리학회
Journal Title :REGION AND GEOGRAPHY
Journal Title(Ko) :지역과 지리
Volume : 31
No :2
Pages :243-265
DOI :https://doi.org/10.26863/JKARG.2025.5.31.2.243

[1] 권규상, 2019, 네트워크 커뮤니티 발견법을 활용한 기능지역 구분의 의미와 효용성, 대한지리학회지, 54(3), 405-420.

[2] 김홍주, 2007, 창조적 지식창출량의 분포와 네트워크로 본 국토공간 계층구조, 국토연구, 3-20. 10.15793/kspr.2007.53..001

[3] 박소현·권규상·박소영, 2020, 기업 간 거래망에 기초한 기능적 경제권의 설정, 한국경제지리학회지, 23(1), 1-17.

[4] 신수연·정상훈, 2023, 지역별 지식재산 출원의 지리적 패턴 분석, 지역연구, 39(2), 31-46.

[5] 이희연, 2010, 지식창출활동의 공간적 집적과 지역간 격차요인 분석, 지식재산연구, 5(1), 113-149. 10.34122/jip.2010.03.5.1.113

[6] 이희연·김홍주, 2006, 특허데이터에 기초한 지식창출활동의 공간분석, 한국경제지리학회지, 9(3), 318-340. 10.1515/9783110892840.318

[7] 최병두, 2015, 네트워크도시 이론과 영남권 지역의 발전 전망, 한국지역지리학회지, 21(1), 1-20.

[8] 최병두·송민정, 2015, 영남권 도시 간 화물 연계성과 다중심성, 한국지역지리학회지, 21(1), 39-61.

[9] 허선영·장후은·이종호, 2022, 초광역 협력을 위한 동남권 지역의 지식네트워크 특성 분석, 한국지역지리학회지, 28(1), 1-10. 10.26863/JKARG.2022.2.28.1.1

[10] Acs, Z.J., Anselin, L., and Varga, A., 2002, Patents and innovation counts as measures of regional production of new knowledge, Research Policy, 31(7), 1069-1085. 10.1016/S0048-7333(01)00184-6

[11] Bathelt, H., Malmberg, A., and Maskell, P., 2004, Clusters and knowledge: local buzz, global pipelines and the process of knowledge creation, Progress in Human Geography, 28(1), 31-56. 10.1191/0309132504ph469oa

[12] Borgatti, S.P., Mehra, A., Brass, D.J., and Labianca, G., 2009, Network analysis in the social sciences. science, 323(5916), 892-895. 10.1126/science.1165821 19213908

[13] Burger, M. and Meijers, E., 2012, Form follows function? Linking morphological and functional polycentricity, Urban Studies, 49(5), 1127-1149. 10.1177/0042098011407095

[14] Burger, M.J., Van Der Knaap, B., and Wall, R.S., 2014, Polycentricity and the multiplexity of urban networks, European Planning Studies, 22(4), 816-840. 10.1080/09654313.2013.771619

[15] Coe and Bunnell, 2003, ‘Spatializing’ knowledge communities: Towards a conceptualiztion of transnational innovation networks, Global Networks, 3(4), 437-456. 10.1111/1471-0374.00071

[16] Etzkowitz, H. and Leydesdorff, L., 2000, The dynamics of innovation: From National Systems and “Mode 2” to a Triple Helix of university–industry–government relations, Research Policy, 29(2), 109-123. 10.1016/S0048-7333(99)00055-4

[17] McLuhan, F. and Fiore, Q., 1967, The Medium is the Message, Random House, Newyork.

[18] Godin, B. and Gingras, Y., 2000, The place of universities in the system of knowledge production, Research Policy, 29(2), 273-278. 10.1016/S0048-7333(99)00065-7

[19] Gottmann, J., 1957, Megalopolis or the urbanization of the northeastern seaboard, Economic Geography, 33(3), 189-200. 10.2307/142307

[20] ____________, 1964, Megalopolis: The urbanized northeastern seaboard of the United States, MIT Press, Cambridge.

[21] ____________, 1976, Megalopolitan systems around the world, Ekistics, 243, 109-113.

[22] Green, N., 2007, Functional polycentricity: A formal definition in terms of social network analysis, Urban Studies, 44(11), 2077-2103. 10.1080/00420980701518941

[23] Hagberg, A.A., Schult, D.A., and Swart, P.J., 2008, Exploring network structure, dynamics, and function using NetworkX, in Proc. 7th Python in Science Conference, 11-15. 10.25080/TCWV9851

[24] Hall, P.G., and Pain, K., 2006, The polycentric metropolis: Learning from mega-city regions in Europe, Routledge.

[25] Hoekman, J., Frenken, K., and Van Oort, F., 2009, The geography of collaborative knowledge production in Europe, The Annals of Regional Science, 43, 721-738. 10.1007/s00168-008-0252-9

[26] Kloosterman, R.C. and Musterd, S., 2001, The polycentric urban region: towards a research agenda, Urban Studies, 38(4), 623-633. 10.1080/00420980120035259

[27] Komninos, N., 2013, Intelligent Cities: Innovation, Knowledge Systems and Digital Spaces, Routledge, London.

[28] Kwon, K., 2021, Polycentricity and the role of government-led development: Employment decentralization and concentration in the Seoul metropolitan area, 2000–2015, Cities, 111, 103107. 10.1016/j.cities.2021.103107

[29] Li, Y. and Phelps, N.A., 2017, Knowledge polycentricity and the evolving Yangtze River Delta megalopolis, Regional Studies, 51(7), 1035-1047. 10.1080/00343404.2016.1240868

[30] ___________________, 2018, Megalopolis unbound: Knowledge collaboration and functional polycentricity within and beyond the Yangtze River Delta Region in China, 2014. Urban Studies, 55(2), 443-460. 10.1177/0042098016656971

[31] Ma, H. and Xu, X., 2022, Knowledge polycentricity of China’s urban agglomerations, Journal of Urban Planning and Development, 148(2), 04022014. 10.1061/(ASCE)UP.1943-5444.0000828

[32] Meijers, E., 2005, Polycentric urban regions and the quest for synergy: Is a network of cities more than the sum of the parts?, Urban Studies, 42(4), 765-781. 10.1080/00420980500060384

[33] Partha, D. and David, P.A., 1994, Toward a new economics of science, Research Policy, 23(5), 487-521. 10.1016/0048-7333(94)01002-1

[34] Schmidt, J.C., 2008, Towards a philosophy of interdisciplinarity: An attempt to provide a classification and clarification, Poiesis & Praxis, 5, 53-69. 10.1007/s10202-007-0037-8

[35] Schwanen, T., Dieleman, F.M., and Dijst, M., 2004, The impact of metropolitan structure on commute behavior in the Netherlands: a multilevel approach, Growth and Change, 35, 304-334. 10.1111/j.1468-2257.2004.00251.x

[36] Wanzenboeck, I., Scherngell, T., and Brenner, T., 2014, Embeddedness of regions in European knowledge networks: a comparative analysis of inter-regional R&D collaborations, co-patents and co-publications, The Annals of Regional Science, 53, 337-368. 10.1007/s00168-013-0588-7

[37] Yigitcanlar, T., Velibeyoglu, K., and Martinez‐Fernandez, C., 2008, Rising knowledge cities: the role of urban knowledge precincts, Journal of Knowledge Management, 12(5), 8-20. 10.1108/13673270810902902

[38] Zhang, C., Feng, X., Li, Y., and Wang, Y., 2024, Scientific Collaboration Network Structure and Connectedness Among the “Belt and Road” Countries, Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 1-26.

REGION AND GEOGRAPHY ISSN:2586-1468(Online) 지역과 지리

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